使用说明：
1. 对于悬浮细胞：
a. 在进行完细胞凋亡刺激后，1000g离心5分钟，弃上清，收集细胞，用PBS轻轻重悬细胞并计数。注意：PBS重悬不能省略，PBS重悬的过程同时也起到了洗涤细胞的作用，可以保证后续Annexin V-FITC的结合。
b. 取5-10万重悬的细胞，1000g离心5分钟，弃上清，加入195μl Annexin V-FITC结合液轻轻重悬细胞。
c. 加入5μl Annexin V-FITC，轻轻混匀。
d. 加入10μl碘化丙啶染色液，轻轻混匀。
e. 室温(20-25℃)避光孵育10-20分钟，随后置于冰浴中。可以使用铝箔进行避光。孵育过程中可以重悬细胞2-3次以改善染色效果。
f. 如果用于流式细胞仪检测，可立即上机检测，Annexin V-FITC为绿色荧光，碘化丙啶(PI)为红色荧光，流式检测细胞凋亡的效
果及其验证请参考图1和图2。初次进行流式细胞仪检测时，建议选择一组适当的细胞参考图2设置未染色、PI单染和Annexin V-FITC单染这3个对照。如果用于荧光显微镜检测，1000g离心5分钟，收集细胞，用50-100μl Annexin V-FITC结合液轻轻重悬细胞，涂片后，荧光显微镜下观察。注意：细胞在染色后须尽快完成检测，通常宜在1小时之内完成检测。用于流式细胞仪检测时，如果发现Annexin V-FITC单独染色时出现了过多的PI假阳性细胞，并且通过调整相关设置和参数也无法改善，可以用PBS将Annexin V-FITC稀释3-10倍后再进行检测。
2. 对于贴壁细胞的消化后检测：
a. 把细胞培养液吸出至一合适离心管内，PBS洗涤贴壁细胞一次，加入适量胰酶细胞消化液(可含有EDTA)消化细胞。室温孵育至轻轻吹打可以使贴壁细胞吹打下来时，吸除胰酶细胞消化液。需避免胰酶的过度消化。注意：对于贴壁细胞，胰酶消化步骤很关键。胰酶消化时间如果过短，细胞需要用力吹打才能脱落，容易造成细胞膜的损伤，从而导致细胞坏死的假阳性；消化时间如果过长，同样易造成细胞膜损伤而出现细胞坏死的假阳性，甚至会影响细胞膜上磷脂酰丝氨酸与Annexin V-FITC的结合从而干扰对于细胞凋亡的检测。同时，胰酶细胞消化液中应尽量不含EDTA，因为EDTA可能会影响Annexin V与磷脂酰丝氨酸的结合。
b. 加入步骤2a中收集的细胞培养液，把细胞轻轻吹打下来，转移到离心管内，1000g离心5分钟，弃上清，收集细胞，用PBS轻轻重悬细胞并计数。注意：加入步骤2a中的细胞培养液非常重要，一方面可以收集已经悬浮的发生凋亡或坏死的细胞，另一方面细胞培养液中的血清可以有效抑制或中和残留的胰酶。残留的胰酶会消化并降解后续加入的Annexin V-FITC，导致染色失败。
c. 取5-10万重悬的细胞，1000g离心5分钟，弃上清，加入195μl Annexin V-FITC结合液轻轻重悬细胞。
d. 加入5μl Annexin V-FITC，轻轻混匀。
e. 加入10μl碘化丙啶染色液，轻轻混匀。
f. 室温(20-25℃)避光孵育10-20分钟，随后置于冰浴中。可以使用铝箔进行避光。孵育过程中可以重悬细胞2-3次以改善染色效果。
g. 如果用于流式细胞仪检测，可立即上机检测，Annexin V-FITC为绿色荧光，碘化丙啶(PI)为红色荧光，流式检测的效果及其验
证请参考图1和图2。如果用于荧光显微镜检测，1000g离心5分钟，收集细胞，用50-100μl Annexin V-FITC结合液轻轻重悬细胞，涂片后，荧光显微镜下观察。注意：细胞在染色后须尽快完成检测，通常宜在1小时之内完成检测。用于流式细胞仪检测时，如果发现Annexin V-FITC单独染色时出现了过多的PI假阳性细胞，并且通过调整相关设置和参数也无法改善，可以用PBS
将Annexin V-FITC稀释3-10倍后再进行检测。
3. 对于贴壁细胞的原位荧光检测：
注：本方法的优点是可以原位观察细胞凋亡，缺点是部分凋亡由于不贴壁而检测不到。
a. (选做)如果条件许可，把细胞培养于24孔板、48孔板或96孔板内。在凋亡诱导结束后，用可以对多孔板进行离心的离心机1000g离心5分钟。
b. 吸除细胞培养液，加入PBS洗涤一次。如果条件许可，在吸除PBS前1000g离心5分钟。
c. 加入195μl Annexin V-FITC结合液。
d. 加入5μl Annexin V-FITC，轻轻混匀。
e. 加入10μl碘化丙啶染色液，轻轻混匀。
f. 室温(20-25℃)避光孵育10-20分钟，随后置于冰浴中。可以使用铝箔进行避光。孵育过程中可以重悬细胞2-3次以改善染色效果。
g. 随即在荧光显微镜下观察，Annexin V-FITC为绿色荧光，碘化丙啶(PI)为红色荧光。注意：细胞在染色后须尽快完成检测，通常宜在1小时之内完成检测。

图3. Annexin V-FITC和碘化丙啶(PI)染色效果图。图中绿色荧光为Annexin V-FITC染色阳性细胞，红色荧光为碘化丙啶染色阳性细胞。仅被绿色荧光染色的为凋亡细胞，被绿色和红色荧光双染的是坏死细胞，未被荧光染色的为正常细胞。

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90.Zhang Y, Wang H, Lai C, Wang L, Deng Y.
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91.Liu L, Gu L, Ma Q, Zhu D, Huang X.
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94.Wu W, Yang J, Feng X, Wang H, Ye S, Yang P, Tan W, Wei G, Zhou Y.
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96.Zhang T, Yu H, Dong G, Cai L, Bai Y.
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103.Zhang Z, Li J, Yang L, Chen R, Yang R, Zhang H, Cai D, Chen H.
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107.Hou Y, Lai M, Chen X, Li J, Hu Y, Luo Z, Ding X, Cai K.
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108.Xie Q, Yang Y, Wang Z, Chen F, Zhang A, Liu C.
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118.Wang N, Wang X, Yang C, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Wang T, Chen S.
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119.Yang R, Chen D, Li M, Miao F, Liu P, Tang Q.
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