BSL |
Agents |
Practices |
Primary Barriers and Safety Equipment |
Facilities (Secondary Barriers) |
1 |
Not known to consistently cause diseases in healthy adults |
Standard microbiological practices |
■ No primary barriers required.
■ PPE: laboratory coats and gloves; eye, face protection, as needed
|
Laboratory bench and sink required
|
2 |
■ Agents associated with human disease
■ Routes of transmission include percutaneous injury, ingestion, mucous membrane exposure
|
BSL-1 practice plus:
■ Limited access
■ Biohazard warning signs
■ “Sharps” precautions
■ Biosafety manual defining any needed waste decontamination or medical surveillance policies
|
Primary barriers:
■ BSCs or other physical containment devices used for all manipulations of agents that cause splashes or aerosols of infectious materials
■ PPE: Laboratory coats, gloves, face and eye protection, as needed
|
BSL-1 plus:
■ Autoclave available
|
3 |
Indigenous or exotic agents that may cause serious or potentially lethal disease through the inhalation route of exposure |
BSL-2 practice plus:
■ Controlled access
■ Decontamination of all waste
■ Decontamination of laboratory clothing before laundering
|
Primary barriers:
■ BSCs or other physical containment devices used for all open manipulations of agents
■ PPE: Protective laboratory clothing, gloves, face, eye and respiratory protection, as needed
|
BSL-2 plus:
■ Physical separation from access corridors
■ Self-closing, double-door access
■ Exhausted air not recirculated
■ Negative airflow into laboratory
■ Entry through airlock or anteroom
■ Hand washing sink near laboratory exit
|
4 |
■ Dangerous/exotic agents which post high individual risk of aerosol-transmitted laboratory infections that are frequently fatal, for which there are no vaccines or treatments
■ Agents with a close or identical antigenic relationship to an agent requiring BSL-4 until data are available to redesignate the level
■ Related agents with unknown risk of transmission
|
BSL-3 practices plus:
■ Clothing change before entering
■ Shower on exit
■ All material decontaminated on exit from facility
|
Primary barriers:
■ All procedures conducted in Class III BSCs or Class I or II BSCs in combination with full-body, air-supplied, positive pressure suit
|
BSL-3 plus:
■ Separate building or isolated zone
■ Dedicated supply and exhaust, vacuum, and decontamination systems
■ Other requirements outlined in the text
|
BSL, biosafety level; PPE, personal protective equipment.
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